"Why do two embryos split in the first place? The cause of the division is still unclear. It might be related to the embryo’s own developnt or the uterine environnt. These twins originate from the sa genes, and the genetic information of the two embryos is completely identical."
"There’s also fraternal twins, where the mother’s body releases two eggs simultaneously, and each combines with a different sperm to form two fertilized eggs. These two embryos develop independently in the uterus, with only about 50% genetic similarity."
"Now everyone should have a bit of understanding."
Yang Ping paused. He didn’t want to be the only one speaking endlessly, preferring an informative teaching style that encourages everyone to think and form their own ideas.
"I understand now. Actually, conjoined twins are identical twins; it’s just that their fertilized egg didn’t completely separate into two embryos, hence forming conjoined twins later."
John Ansen responded eagerly, now behaving very much like an active student.
"Yes, I think so too." Another graduate student imdiately chid in. He wanted to say it earlier but John Ansen beat him to it.
Yang Ping continued, "It seems everyone already knows and is pondering this; you’re all very puzzled why I could find the boundary of the brain stem, why the AI model could find it, but you cannot, neither can other doctors, and they even regard it as impossible to find the boundary, hence deeming surgery impossible."
"Let add that Professor He’s AI model could locate it because when he was modeling, he used the data I provided from the ground up; the foundational model already possessed such capabilities."
"Just now we ntioned identical twins. The question now falls here on how we find the boundary; this requires extensive knowledge of genetics and embryonics, otherwise we reach a dead end."
"Now I ask everyone present, who has profound knowledge of embryonics?"
Everyone was stumped, wondering who would learn genetics and embryonics for no reason. They had studied basic courses, but that was just foundational knowledge, and they hadn’t reviewed afterward. Even the obstetricians probably had almost forgotten all of it.
John Ansen was equally stumped. As a clinical doctor, his knowledge in genetics and embryonics was quite limited. Honestly, he didn’t have much stored knowledge now.
"It’s not just us; even obstetricians don’t have much knowledge on this matter now," a doctor stated, and this comnt rapidly gained agreent from the crowd.
"Indeed, not only you, but neuro-and spinal surgeons worldwide all lack significant knowledge in genetics and embryonics. Tackling this problem requires exceptional doctoral-level expertise in both fields to carry on with the thought process."
"So you see, it’s only natural that neurosurgeons globally couldn’t solve this problem because they lack a crucial module for forming ideas."
John Ansen felt very embarrassed. Yes, back then, not just him, many neurosurgeons approached it purely from neuroanatomy and functionality perspectives, attempting to leverage those fields to tackle the boundary problem. But no matter how hard they tried, using all the advanced equipnt, they couldn’t locate where the boundary lay; they only knew those neural nuclei were chaotic.
Yang Ping was still explaining.
"But these doctors could discern that the neural nuclei of the brain stem were chaotic and surgery couldn’t proceed; that’s already impressive and on par with the world’s leading level, knowing exactly why they couldn’t separate it."
Apparently, my level isn’t bad; at least I know where the difficulty is, even though I haven’t put forth a solution. John Ansen felt a bit proud again.
"I just ntioned genetics and embryonic knowledge."
Yang Ping’s teaching was actually very clear in approach. As long as one followed his train of thought and possessed relevant knowledge, understanding ca easily. His teaching style aid to express complex information in simple language as much as possible.
"If you have profound knowledge of genetics and embryonics, you would start thinking about how an identical twin develops from a single fertilized egg into two fetuses, why it can split into two embryos, when it splits, what conditions are needed, why it doesn’t split completely, what interference occurs, or what conditions are lacking."
"Okay, so might say even a specialized doctor might not know, as the chanism could be unclear; there are many unclear chanisms in dicine."
"Indeed, that is the case, and there lies the concern about unclear chanisms. But let’s not forget that even with uncertain chanisms, it doesn’t affect our morphological research; morphologic research doesn’t face too many unknown chanisms."
"I don’t quite understand," John Ansen imdiately responded.
"Yes, since the chanism is unclear, why doesn’t it affect research and how do we continue the study?" Soone had the sa question and gradually others admitted they didn’t understand either.
Yang Ping knew it was a bit challenging to follow at this point.
"With so much foundational knowledge, we can bypass unclear chanism areas; for instance, we can comprehend the discussed issue morphologically by clarifying the developntal process of identical twins from a fertilized egg into two fetuses, then compare it to the conjoined sisters morphologically; this helps pinpoint precisely where the conjoined sisters encountered an issue."
"Thus we proceed from normal twin developnt starting from a fertilized egg advancing to this juncture; this helps understand the neural nuclei’s distribution. The AI model also employs this thod—it simulates identical twin developnt, then compares it morphologically with the conjoined sisters, identifies neural nuclei distribution, and corroborates with other thods to validate it, resolving the problem."
The professor surprisingly mastered both genetics and embryonics. Truly versatile, if every specialty could award a doctorate, he’d likely have dozens of doctorates."
John Ansen couldn’t help but marvel internally at why he was so formidable, understanding everything. How does he have ti to read so many books and learn so much? Acquiring so much knowledge surely takes ti.
Does he read books like a sci-fi movie character, scanning with eyes quickly, and then this knowledge gets entirely recorded into his brain? It must be so.
The most perplexed was still Song Zimo, who spent almost every day with Yang Ping, rarely seeing him study books. Although occasionally spotting him holding a book in hand, most tis he was relaxing with his eyes closed against the chair.
Were those books read during his student days? Did he go several years without eating or drinking? It seed possible.
Because whenever discussing a book or paper, the professor must know of them, never missing a single book or paper, his knowledge was absolute.
The professor surprisingly mastered both genetics and embryonics. Truly versatile, if every specialty could award a doctorate, he’d likely have dozens of doctorates."
John Ansen couldn’t help but marvel internally at why he was so formidable, understanding everything. How does he have ti to read so many books and learn so much? Acquiring so much knowledge surely takes ti.
Does he read books like a sci-fi movie character, scanning with eyes quickly, and then this knowledge gets entirely recorded into his brain? It must be so.
The most perplexed was still Song Zimo, who spent almost every day with Yang Ping, rarely seeing him study books. Although occasionally spotting him holding a book in hand, most tis he was relaxing with his eyes closed against the chair.
Were those books read during his student days? Did he go several years without eating or drinking? It seed possible.
Because whenever discussing a book or paper, the professor must know of them, never missing a single book or paper, his knowledge was absolute.
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